In silico investigation of heparanase-correlated genes in breast cancer subtypes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible genes that may be related to the mechanisms that modulate heparanase-1. METHODS: The analysis was conducted at Universidade Federal de São Paulo, on the data provided by: The Cancer Genome Atlas, University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Database, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Bioinformatics Database and the softwares cBioPortal and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS: Using messenger RNA expression pattern of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, we proposed that heparinase-1 was co-related with its progression. In addition, genes that were analyzed presented co-expression with heparanase-1. The results that showed that heparanase-1 co-expressed with phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7, and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 are directed related with immune system evasion during breast cancer progression. Furthermore, cathepsin L was co-expressed with heparanase-1 and transformed inactive heparanase-1 form into active heparanase-1, triggering extracellular matrix remodeling, which contributes to enhanced tumor-host interaction of the tumor. CONCLUSION: The signaling pathway analysis using bioinformatics tools gives supporting evidence of possible mechanisms related to breast cancer development. Evasion genes of the immune system co-expressed with heparanase-1, a enzyme related with tumor progression.

In silico investigation of heparanase-correlated genes in breast cancer subtypes / Investigação in silico dos genes correlacionados à heparanase nos diferentes subtipos de câncer de mama

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the possible genes that may be related to the mechanisms that modulate heparanase-1. Methods The analysis was conducted at Universidade Federal de São Paulo, on the data provided by: The Cancer Genome Atlas, University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Database, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Bioinformatics Database and the softwares cBioPortal and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results Using messenger RNA expression pattern of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, we proposed that heparinase-1 was co-related with its progression. In addition, genes that were analyzed presented co-expression with heparanase-1. The results that showed that heparanase-1 co-expressed with phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7, and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 are directed related with immune system evasion during breast cancer progression. Furthermore, cathepsin L was co-expressed with heparanase-1 and transformed inactive heparanase-1 form into active heparanase-1, triggering extracellular matrix remodeling, which contributes to enhanced tumor-host interaction of the tumor. Conclusion The signaling pathway analysis using bioinformatics tools gives supporting evidence of possible mechanisms related to breast cancer development. Evasion genes of the immune system co-expressed with heparanase-1, a enzyme related with tumor progression.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar os genes que podem estar relacionados aos mecanismos que modulam a heparanase-1. Métodos A análise foi realizada na Universidade Federal de São Paulo, utilizando dados fornecidos por: The Cancer Genome Atlas, University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Database, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Bioinformatics Database e os softwares cBioPortal e Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Resultados Usando o perfil de expressão de RNA mensageiro de diferentes subtipos moleculares de câncer de mama, propusemos que a heparanase-1 esteve correlacionada com a progressão tumoral. Além disso, os genes analisados apresentaram coexpressão com heparanase-1. Os resultados mostraram que a heparanase-1 coexpressa com proteína adaptadora 1 da fosfoinositídeo 3-quinase, lectina 7 tipo Ig de ligação ao ácido siálico e receptor 1 do tipo imunoglobulina associado a leucócitos, estes genes estão diretamente relacionados à evasão do sistema imune durante a progressão do câncer de mama. Além disso, a catepsina L foi coexpressa com a heparanase-1 e transformou a forma inativa da heparanase-1 em heparanase-1 ativa, desencadeando o remodelamento da matriz extracelular, o que contribuiu para a interação do tumor com o ambiente tumoral. Conclusão A análise utilizando bioinformática fornece evidências de possíveis mecanismos relacionados ao desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. Genes de evasão do sistema imune foram coexpressos com a heparanase-1, uma enzima relacionada à progressão tumoral.

What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about ultrasound-guided vascular access?

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography is currently used in investigating many vascular diseases, especially for guiding vascular access. OBJECTIVE: The objective here was to summarize the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) on the effects of ultrasound-guided vascular access as an intervention approach. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of SRs, conducted in the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery of Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: A broad search was conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to retrieve any Cochrane SRs that assessed the effects of ultrasound guidance as a therapeutic approach towards performing any vascular access. The key characteristics and results of all the reviews included were summarized and discussed. RESULTS: Three SRs on venous access at all ages and one review on arterial access in pediatric participants were included. There was low to moderate certainty of evidence that ultrasound increased the success rate from the first puncture and the overall success rate of the procedure; and reduced the total rate of perioperative and postoperative adverse events, number of punctures, time needed to achieve success and rate of failure to place catheters. CONCLUSION: Evidence of low to moderate quality showed that ultrasound-guided vascular access seems to reduce the total rate of perioperative and postoperative complications/adverse effects, number of punctures, time needed to achieve success and rate of failure to perform venous catheterization in adults and arterial punctures in children. There is a lack of information regarding ultrasound-guided arterial puncture in adults. Further studies are still imperative for reaching solid conclusions, especially regarding arterial ultrasound-guided access.

Angioplasty and stenting for below the knee ulcers in diabetic patients: protocol for a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The worldwide incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing. DM has a high social and economic burden due to its complications and associated disorders. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is closely related to DM. More than 85% of patients with DM will develop PAD in their lifetime, and between 10 and 25% of patients with DM will have a foot ulcer. In such cases, it is important to determine for each patient whether it is necessary and feasible to revascularise the affected limb as well as the optimal technique. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is designed to restore blood flow through the vessel lumen by various devices including balloons, drug-coated balloons, bare stents, drug-eluting stents and endovascular atherectomes. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of PTA in the treatment of lower limb arterial ulcers in diabetic patients. METHODS: We will search randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs in the following databases (e.g., MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ibecs, CINAHL, AMED, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov , and OpenGrey). Our search strategy will use the following free-text terms and controlled vocabulary (e.g., Emtree, MeSH) for 'foot ulcer', 'leg ulcer', 'diabetic foot', 'Peripheral Arterial Disease', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'critical limb ischemia', 'below the knee ulcer', 'angioplasty', 'stents', 'stenting', and 'endovascular procedures'. There will be no limits on date or language of publication. Two authors will, independently, select studies and assess the data from them. Risks of bias (RoB) of included studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane's RoB tool. If possible, we will perform and report structured summaries of the included studies and meta-analyses. Results are not available as this is a protocol for a systematic review, and we are currently in the phase of building a sensitive search strategy. DISCUSSION: While there are several available endovascular techniques for revascularisation, it is unclear which technique has better outcomes for ulcers below the knee in diabetic patients. A systematic review is required to validate and demonstrate these techniques and their outcomes to allow an evidence-based clinical decision. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42017065171.